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Long-term assets in terms of accounting, taxes and finance
KUNSTOVÁ, Kateřina
The goal of bachelor's thesis is to analyse long-term assets in terms of accountancy, taxes and finance and to evaluate acquisition, valuation, keeping records and accounting in selected accounting entity. A partial aim is to compare book depreciations and tax-off depreciations and possible recommendations for optimization of depreciations. The theoretical part defines acquisition, valuation, keeping records, accounting, depreciation and disposal of tangible and intangible assets in terms of accounting and tax legislation, where there is a difference between individual laws. The most important part is depreciations. Financial analysis focused on long-term assets and sources of financing of long-term assets are defined in terms of financing. All these areas are applied in the practical part to a selected accounting unit, which is the company ČD Cargo, a.s., An analysis of the data is performed based on the information provided by the companies, specifically the analyses of the acquisition, valuation, keeping records, accounting and disposal of assets, the calculation of the financial analysis and the analyse of the sources of financing. Book depreciations and tax-write off depreciations are calculated and compared not only due to deferred tax liability. Finally, recommendations are made for improvements in certain areas of long-term asset management.
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Capital improvement from the income tax viewpoint
Fajmonová, Lenka ; Boháč, Radim (advisor) ; Vybíral, Roman (referee)
Capital improvement from the income tax viewpoint This work focuses on the analysis of the current legislation of capital improvement and it's interpretation by the professional public is presented, from both the view of the tax advisers and financial management. The legislation and its interpretation are evaluated and, if necessary, revisions are proposed. To attain this goal I had chosen the linguistic, historically teleological and comparative interpretation methods. At first, I focused on the definition of capital improvement and individual terms connected with it and their historical evolution. Also mentioned is the legislation tied to the accounting and here can be found the pitfalls, which the legal differences with the tax legislation can bring. Furthermore I examined depreciation of capital improvement using both linear and accelerated methods and I compared the processes with the situation without the capital improvement. Another field closely connected with depreciation and which I focused on next, was the capital improvement of foreign property. Here I outlined the latest progress by novelization of the legislation and by use of Coordination committees with the Chamber of tax Advisers. Using the comparative interpretation method I compared the Czech and Slovak legislation of the...
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